The Estate
Sherwood Park was part of the prestigious Glen Alvie estates that sought to form country club type living to Waverley.  First top quality land was acquired - 25 acres were bought from Jack Lechte in 1928, and some from Mr Cornell, as well as a large parcel of land from Frank Closter - in all about 50 acres. This fertile land had been dairy farm (Ayrshire-Jersey cross cows, with some pigs, a plum and apple orchard, and stock feed crops - canola, maize and lucerne (alfalfa).

Gardens, Parks, Games
Glen Alvie Estates Limited allocated five of the fifty acres for recreation facilities. There was to be a club house, six tennis courts, a bowling green, a croquet lawn, a mashee lawn, and a large swimming pool. These were laid out in Sherwood Park, a huge central area with large houses around the periphery, and one-way roads to prevent traffic problems;  and also elsewhere in the estate - tucked between the large unfenced building sites and gardens to give a sense of living on a country estate. There was already a golf course next door, and a school nearby.

The estate also had a large nursery of its own, run by one of the investors, and a huge variety of suitable garden plants would be available conveniently to the buyers of land. Canary Island palms and shady plane trees were to be a feature, and many of these are still flourishing today. This was to be Garden City living.

Sunderland Roads
To make the estate truly stand out from any other for miles around and for years to come, there were to be paved roads. This is something we have come to expect today, but certainly wasn't the case in the 1920s or even in the 1950s. In those days when you bought a block of land, it was just that - natural earth, with trees, rifts, whatever;  no fences, no water or services, no roads or paths or even boundary markers.  It would not be till many years after, that people buying land could expect any facilities at all. Everywhere else, mud and more mud characterised any outdoor activity (except when it dried to dust and more dust). But not on Glen Alvie.

Somehow the local council in 1929, keen to see planned suburban development, allowed itself to be persuaded to borrow a huge sum - 24,000 pounds - to help the subdividers to lay Sunderland roads on the estate and to finance an underpass under the railway which was just being constructed, due to be opened the following year (1930).

The Sunderland method of road building was a new innovative technology of the time, expensive but durable. These concrete roads can still be seen surrounding Sherwood Park and other nearby streets today. Council intended to charge an extra rate to residents of the estate to cover this huge loan. In addition, like so many others whose land was near the railway, the would-be buyers would have to pay a levy to support the coming railway. However it was considered that residents would be so happy to have facilities ready before they even built their houses, that the extra expense would not deter the right kind of buyers.

Two Hiccups - Depression & War
However before any blocks could be sold, the depression hit. The roads were beautifully made, and footpaths and signposts too, but apart from the neat white original farmhouse, there was not a house to be seen. The richly grassed blocks were let for agistment, and cattle from neighbouring farms and
horses from the local riding school just west of the estate around Jordanville station, shared the pickings. No-one - not the plot buyers, nor the subdividers - could afford the rates and taxes on the blocks.

But the council still had that huge loan to pay off, and even less residents in the area than before paying rates. Reluctantly they went to the Supreme Court in 1936 and all the Glen Alvie land became theirs. They cleaned it up and tried again to sell at reduced prices, but still buyers were reluctant to commit themselves, this time because war was imminent.

Action at Last!
Finally the first house was built there in 1946. Most of the other blocks were sold and built on in the 1950s. The hoped for recreational facilities in Sherwood Park and all the other little public spaces never eventuated. One of the smaller parks on the periphery of the Sherwood Rd square became a kindergarten and Infant Welfare Centre in 1953. The other three are still there and used mainly by locals, since it is hard to tell where private land ends and park starts.

Still Special
Despite the slow start and unfortunate string of unpredictable misfotunes of timing, the area still has a special feel about it. The large blocks and open green outlook, with plenty of space to play and recreate, with little traffic (always only one way), and all facilities very close and accessible, make this a very desirable place to live.

The store was operated by the Thomas Tuhan family. Tom was born in Ireland (County Armagh) but left the Emerald Isle to work the Wide Brown Land. He met and married Mary Allister of Mulgrave, in 1878. The Allisters had been working the land on the north side of High St Rd near Box Hill Rd (now Huntingdale Rd) where Allister Street now stands.

The solid brick shop had a wooden verandah and a corrugated iron roof. It was built in 1880 on the corner of Warrigal Road (then often called Boundary Road, being the western edge of Mulgrave and the border with Prahran, now Stonnington, and with Boroondara) and Waverley Rd (then Breakneck Rd), and  served the community for 60 years. It was built on two levels. Large platform scales in the store weighed out feed. A hand-trolley was used to bring sacks to customers' wagons or to nearby homes. There was an enclosure behind the shop for the Tuhan horse, which helped with deliveries. The Tuhan residence was next door in Waverley Rd and had a neat picket fence and a verandah all around.

The store sold corn, chaff, pollard (ground wheat), bran, straw - all kinds of feed for livestock, and soft drinks and biscuits for their owners. The biscuits came in large tins and were weighed out for customers and sold in brown paper bags. (The Tuhan family still has these scales over a hundred years later, and they look very decorative with a flower arrangement in them, on the hearth of a new Tuhan residence.) Invariably some biscuits would be broken and these would be sold cheaply and made a great treat for children. The nearest "competition" feed stores were in Ashburton and Oakleigh.

Important customers included the Sunbeam Dairy in Atherton Rd, Oakleigh, since all milk was delivered by horse-drawn milk float, and the Metropolitan Golf Club, which used horse-drawn mowing machines during the war. Waverley Riding School, which occupied a large block of land near Jordanville station, and market gardeners all over Waverley, Oakleigh and Malvern also bought feed from Tuhans' store regularly.

Their orders were delivered to the stable door by a large one-ton four-wheeled horse-drawn lorry, and later a spring cart -  rain, hail or shine. One day James Tuhan was too sick to be working, but finished his deliveries anyway - driving the lorry lying down! Chaff and other feed was picked up from Oakleigh rail siding. At the shop, all loading and unloading was done from the Waverley Rd entrance, since the gutters on Warrigal Rd were too high to cross. However, it was difficult for the horse to climb up the Waverley Rd hill fully loaded.

Water Supply
Tuhan's corner was important to Waverley's pioneers in other ways too. It was there that the Water Board placed a standpipe which was Mount Waverley's only water supply before the reservoirs were built. When residents needed to supplement their own dams and tanks, they would bring an empty furphy or similar tank and buy water at the standpipe.

Then there was the horse trough, also on the corner, a welcome "watering hole" for the workhorses doing the various rounds. As well as the farmers going to and from market, there were the many deliverers of household needs that used to be brought to people's doors. The butcher, the baker, the milkman, the postman, the Rawleighs man with essences and cleaning products, the Mitchells man with brushes, and many others provided home delivery services, and almost all by horse and cart, and those horses could be watered at Tuhan's corner.

Sixty years of serving the local community had its share of hard work, ups and downs, and laughs. One time the Tuhan family were annoyed to find graffiti on their posters at opening time, several days running. (Some things never change!) Eventually they worked out that the young paper boy was responsible. The Boundary Store was a convenient resting place in the middle of his round when the brisk air had sharpened his sense of humour and his creative juices were flowing. Resting under the wide verandah, he could think of several ways to alter the signs to "improve" them. One morning Aunty Elsie was waiting for him though. Just as he got the pencil poised, he glanced in the window and saw a menacing figure with a tomahawk looking daggers at him. He was gone in an instant and it is said his father wanted to know why he had wet himself that morning!

Other times were less humorous but pretty exciting at the time, like the morning a would-be arsonist attempted to set fire to the shop. An aboriginal tracker called Dick was brought over, but since there had been a light rain at the time of the offence, anyone could have followed the footprints. A farm-hand from a nearby farm was arrested for the offence. (January 1897)

The shop was severely affected by the proposed widening of Warrigal Rd in 1939. Warrigal Rd, always a boundary and a major route for north-south traffic, was by then very heavily trafficked, and the signs were that the trend would grow. The store had been located for the convenience of passing trade - right on the very corner. Widening could not occur while the shop was there.

It was vacated in 1940 in preparation for the roadworks, but because of the war the actual work did not get started for several years. The acquisitioned building was used during the war years as a welding workshop operated by Vigo Nielsen, making hospital furniture. When it was finally demolished, nearly the whole site ended up under asphalt. You could say that it had been "in the road." However the surrounding land was subdivided for housing and the store immortalised by having Tuhan Street so named.

So the wheel turns, new people taking up new challenges, but with the same commitment to furthering the community as was so evident in Tuhan's Boundary Store.

Going right back as far as records allow, we get confirmation of the natural vegetation of the area. One early observer, "Daniel Bunce, nurseryman, explorer, naturalist, creator of Geelong Botanic Gardens, author and newspaper columnist passed through the district in the late 1840s." His book, published in 1851, records some of the vegetation he noted. A little later in 1870 a wealthy nearby resident, Daniel Van Amstel, proposed creating a lake and importing gondolas to offer cruises around the deep fern gullies and delicate flora of  Scotchmans Creek.

The factors that led to this particular piece of land being preserved as remnant vegetation are simple. Its isolation from early suburbanization (Waverley was still mainly rural until 1960) kept it free from major soil disturbance. Also, when Council began purchasing the land in 1955, it had been owned by just one family since the 1850s. (In fact several branches of that family still live in the close vicinity.) Thus the history of the land was known. For example it was remembered that the steepness of the broken gullies made farming, felling and even grazing difficult. It had been left relatively untouched. Thus this land was "accidentally" preserved through all those years of sales and settlement.

Zooming forward to the present, the latest project of the City of Monash and the Friends of Scotchmans Creek and Valley Reserve is the installation of a number of information signs around the main circuit. You may be surprised to see what lives in the various parts of the Reserve; enthralled by the secrets of the reeds and rushes, and delighted by the variety of birds you can see and identify.

One last point that may be of interest - as you enter at the main drive, there is a pond at your right. By this pond lies an old log, now in-planted with some native grasses. However it was once "one of the city's oldest living residents." It was photographed by the Waverley Gazette in 1963 - still vertical - and later given this place of honour when unfortunately it fell to progress - and the widening of Springvale Rd.

I have always found it delightful, when walking along the various paths of Valley Reserve, how far it seems from suburbia. No sign of "civilisation" can be seen, and hardly any even heard, due to the bushland sounds and the natural surroundings. There are parts where I almost forget that I am still in the middle of Mt Waverley, just a few hundred metres from the shops.

Sources
"The Valley Reserve - History, Plants, Birds" by Friends of Valley Reserve, particularly Alf Salkin
"Valley Reserve Bushland Walks" a brochure by Friends of Scotchmans Creek and Valley Reserve
"Wandering Around Waverley" by Wyn Hattwell 1990
"Waverley, Past and Present" by Waverley Historical Society 1988
The files and resources of Waverley Historical Society

But it was not always so. As recently as 150 years ago there were barely any roads in the eastern suburbs area. Of course the whole Burwood area was in the country then - cattle runs, woodcutting, and little else. The first land sales in the area were not until 1853, when the area was surveyed, Oakleigh township gazetted, and "government roads" laid out. Victoria wasn't even separated from the colony of New South Wales yet.

Many people do not realise, but at that time of the first surveys, Melbourne's (and all of Victoria's) roads were laid out to run (magnetic) North - South and East - West, exactly one mile apart. This was to give easy access from all points to all points, with plenty of room for quiet residential areas and self-contained industrial areas, efficient routes for public transport, etc. It was excellent planning that inspired those mile grids to be established.

Unfortunately not all local councils followed the plan, but a quick check of a street directory will show the North - South grid as Summerhill Rd, Warrigal Rd, Huntingdale Rd, Stephensons Rd, Blackburn Rd, (etc); and the East - Wests as Riversdale Rd, Toorak Rd, High St; and High St Rd, Waverley Rd and Ferntree Gully Rd. Where there are glitches in the system there are stories to be told about stubborn characters who had to have their own way at the expense of present and future generations - Mr. Elgar, and the Bennett brothers (of Bennetswood) are prime examples. If you want to know more, you may like to find Dr Max Lay's book, "Melbourne Miles" in a library.

But even when the roads were laid out, they were not "made." The predecessor of local government in the Monash area, the Oakleigh/Mulgrave Road Board, was constituted in 1857. Thus the first reason for all the individual settlers to "get together" and do something en masse was to establish some roads into town. Picture it - way out here in the sticks, where there were few houses and fewer shops, settlers needed access to the Melbourne markets for their produce - firewood for the town houses, a few cattle that could be spared, and later some fruit and vegetables. A trip to town took many hours. The local would rise early and catch and hitch his horses, and begin the breakneck journey around trees and fallen logs, down and up creek beds, over the ruts and holes and burrows. (Waverley Rd was even called Breakneck Rd in those days.) In the wet, it was all mud and bog holes; in the dry it was dust and ruts and corrugations.

If the produce was perishable, the trip would have to be started while it was still dark, increasing the danger. After a four or five hour journey, a full day at the markets was spent, selling the produce,.  Then it was time to load the cart with manure from the stock area to take home for fertiliser, and start the long weary journey home. Trouble was, just as it was getting dark they would arrive at the unmade roads closer to home, with all the accompanying danger of the horse running into an unseen log, or breaking a leg in a hole.

Enter the Roads Board, to help the battling farmer. Locals could now band together and make sure the roads were levelled a bit and logs cleared to make the journey safer and a little faster. However no-one had the time  to do the work voluntarily. All were on subsistence level and needed to work their selection. Who should pay for the roads? The answer was obvious - the user should pay. Tollgates were set up in various places to collect funds for the service of clearing fallen trees and mending holes. A bronze footpath  marker outside Safeway in High St Rd, Ashwood,  marks the place where one of these tollgates was situated.

Of course people did not like tolls any more then than they do now, and every attempt was made to use the improved roads without paying the tolls. (Some things never change.) The toll gates were phased out by an Act of parliament in 1874 (by then we were The Colony of Victoria), but not before the Road Board became the Shire of Oakleigh/Mulgrave, so that local government was established, with the means to extract money for roads by other means. Incidentally, the council only ever met on full moon nights, because there was no street lighting. Travel on other nights was too dangerous.

One of the many dangers on the roads, day or night, was stray animals. When conditions were dry, stock would break out and graze "the long paddock" (the roadside, for those not used to country jargon). In the dark one could easily collide with a cow or horse, and day or night the sudden emergence of stock frightened by the sound of an oncoming cart could make the horse shy and topple the cart. Thus commons were established to give small land holders somewhere extra to graze stock. One was on the corner of Waverley Rd and Forster Rd in Mount Waverley. A footpath marker commemorates the place.

In those days the roads were "good" if they were relatively level. Property close to major roads was valuable, because all other roads were private and likely to be nothing more than routes. In the winter, they were muddy and in summer, dust. People used to walk to stations and bus stops carrying a clean pair of shoes for in the bus and in town. Stations and bus stops would be lined with muddy shoes, which owners would retrieve on the homeward journey. This was the case right up till about 50 years ago, when subdividers were bound to provide some basic services on estates, rather than simply drawing lines on a map.

In the 1960s and 70s freeways were built that cut the journey to Melbourne down from an hour and a quarter (compare that with the 4-5 hour journey of the 1800s!) to about 40 minutes. Now we have roads that can take us into town in 20 minutes or so, if we want to pay the toll. We also enjoy "made' minor roads, footpaths, pedestrian crossings, street lighting, freeway sound walls, and many other comforts of road use.

It was subsequently purchased on 2 February, 1880 by John Carmody II of South Emerald Hill, (now Sth. Melbourne), who had married Harriett Hodges Hunt from Tipperary in 1874. Two sons, David and Francis were born in South Melbourne, and Ellen, John III and Arthur were born at Burwood.

John Carmody II established the farm, known as Cratloe Wood which was used as a dairy farm and market garden until 1927 when on Harriett's death, it was subdivided into three equal allotments of about 39 acres.

Miss Ellen Carmody inherited the eastern block on the corner of Stephensons Road, and then sold it to Joseph H. Cooke in 1937. He died in 1942, and the next owner was Victor Webber Draeger. This was subdivided after 1947.

The centre allotment was inherited by John Carmody III. It contained the original house, and continued to be known as "Cratloe Wood", after Cratloe, the birthplace of John Carmody I in County Clare, Ireland. John Carmody I died in Adelaide S.A. in 1873 and so never lived here.

John III was a market gardener who specialised in growing cauliflowers and potatoes. He also had a Corriedale sheep stud and then later moved into dairy cows. He had married Dorothy Chambers and four children were born: John D Carmody (the fourth John in Australia), Brenda, Maureen. and Jocelyn Kathleen. The property was subdivided in 1947. Interestingly, the initial subdivision was not all into standard house blocks as some of the lots were up to 1 acre.

Origin of Street Street Names in the second subdivision
The street names chosen by John III and the family were:
Cratloe Road - from the ancestral Carmody home in Ireland.
Swayfield Road - from Dorothy (Chambers) Carmody's family home in Box Hill
which had been named after the ancestral village of Swayfield,
Linolnshire, England.
Brenda Avenue - from daughter Brenda.
Maureen Street - from daughter Maureen.
Kathleen - from daughter Jocelyn Kathleen
Meteor and Runnymede - John III's choice with no particular significance.
(Runnymede - site of the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215, in England).

The first block in the subdivision was sold in 1947 and the last in 1965. The location of the original Cratloe Wood farmhouse was near the south east corner of Cratloe Road and Brenda Avenue and consequently Brenda Avenue required a bend to achieve the subdivision.

The second son, Francis, inherited the third lot, and named it Cratloe Hill. He had a new house built on this block, and moved into it in 1928, with his sister Ellen. This house was located at what is now the north end of Federal Reserve. The house consisted of four main rooms in a square with a kitchen and bathroom along the back, and a separate laundry. The concrete entrance pathway to the house and the path around the house can still be seen in the reserve. Two large trees now mark the entrance.

Francis ran a dairy farm on his block with about 35 dairy cows. The cowshed and dairy were located east of the house on the area that is now the rear of No. 35 Jubilee Street. With high demand for housing in the area Frank subdivided the Cratloe Hill property in about 1952 keeping about 12 acres. Four streets were created and the names were subsequently chosen by Frank and Ellen and show his lifelong interest in royalty, current affairs and politics.

Origin of Street Street Names in the third subdivision
Jubilee Street - from Queen Victoria's Jubilee of 1901.
Federal - Australia's Federation of 1901.
Barton - Edmund Barton (1849-1920), Australia's first Prime Minister (1901-1903)
Coronation - Queen Elizabeth II's Coronation (2.6.1953)
Andrew - In recognition of the birth of Prince Andrew?? (19.2.1960)

After Frank died in 1955 and his sister Ellen lived on in the house until she passed away. After her death, the 12 acres were left to the Church of England. In May 1969 the Church submitted a Planning Proposal for the division of the land into residential allotments. and the transfer was finally completed on 28 June 1973. The block fronting Federal Street was transferred to Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works on 6th August 1973, which then transferred it to the Mayor, Councillors and Citizens of the City of Waverley on the 16 October 1980.

The Carmody family also occupied other land nearby in the Waverley district. The fourth child of John II and Harriett; Arthur Daly, purchased a farm on the south west corner of Highbury Road and Huntingdale Road (known then as Bayview Road) in 1922. The Carmody name and that of his wife Stella Florence Stephens are perpetuated in the names of the streets created out of his farm, namely: Carmody, Florence, and Stephens Streets.

In 1975, the proposed establishment of the tennis courts and clubrooms caused some friction in the community. The project was initially supported by the Waverley Council and then rejected in August 1975 because of local resident opposition. The project comprising four courts was then re-supported by Council in April 1976 and finally approved with clubrooms in July 1976. This final approval was against the recommendation by the Ministry of Conservation. The complex was later extended with further courts and floodlighting.