NEWS & INFORMATION

The Bushwalking Victoria website is a useful resource that would be of interest to club committees, walk leaders and members. There is information on clubs across Victoria, safety, search & rescue, map sources and some useful publications.

 

Need that map right NOW?

We have become aware of an excellent VicMap service. You can now access on http:\\www.land.vic.gov.au the whole of Victoria and print A4-size sheets of 1:30,000 scale topomaps. You pay by credit card over the www; cost $1.50 per sheet. Excellent way of quickly getting a map when you are preparing a walk!!

 

Paddling

A site has been set up for all paddlers to visit and contribute trip information for general access by the Australian paddling community. The guide has been set up to supply information relating to trips on rivers, lakes and estuaries. Visit at www.adventurepro.com.au/paddleaustralia

 

Victorian Rogaining Association www.vra.rogaine.asn.au

What is Rogaining?

That's a great question! Some answers that have been bandied about include:-

... a car rally on foot

... an easter egg hunt for grown-ups

... competition bushwalking

... marathon orienteering

... Rugged Outdoor Group Activity Involving Navigation and Endurance

... a sick, sick sport

... orienteering on steroids!

The standard definition goes like this:

Rogaining is the sport of long distance cross-country navigation in which teams of two to five members visit as many checkpoints as possible in the specified time. In Victoria rogaines are typically run over periods of 6, 12 or 24 hours. In a bush rogaine teams travel entirely on foot, navigating by map and compass between checkpoints in terrain that varies from open farmland to hilly forest. However, the Victorian Rogaining Association also runs a few events on bikes, in metropolitan areas, on cross-country skis, and even in canoes!

A central base camp (called the "Hash House") provides hot meals throughout the event and teams may return at any time to eat, rest or sleep. Teams travel at their own pace and anyone from children to grandparents can experience the personal satisfaction that comes from cross-country navigation at their own level of competition and comfort. One feature of rogaining is the opportunity for night navigation and the extra challenges that this involves.

Rogaining developed as a sport in its own right in the early 1970's, but 24-hour walks had been held since at least 1947 by the Melbourne University Mountaineering Club. The word ROGAINE was coined from: ROd GAIl and NEil, the three people in Australia who developed the first ROGAINE.

Rogaining is a team activity for people of all ages and levels of fitness. It provides competitors with navigational challenges, a way of enjoying the outdoors, and a sense of achievement.

 

New Regulations Allow Stoves on Planes

This is an extract from the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations:

2.3.2.5 Camping Stoves and Fuel Containers that have contained a flammable liquid fuel.

With the approval of the operator, as checked baggage only, camping stoves and fuel containers for camping stoves that have contained a flammable liquid fuel may be carried provided the fuel and tank of the camping stove, and/or fuel container has been completely drained of all liquid fuel and action has been taken to nullify the danger. To nullify the danger, the empty fuel tank and/or container must be allowed to drain for at least one hour , the fuel tank and/or container must then be left uncapped for a minimum of six hours to allow any residual fuel to evaporate. Alternative methods, such as adding cooking oil to the fuel tank and/or container to elevate the flash point of any residual liquid above the flash point of flammable liquid and then emptying the fuel tank and/or container are equally acceptable. The fuel tank and/or container must then have the cap securely fastened and be wrapped in an absorbent material such as paper towel and placed in a polyethylene or equivalent bag. The top of the bag must then be sealed or gathered and closed with an elastic band or twine.

At the airport you should now also expect to fill out and sign a form stating which of the above two methods you have used.

 

After the Fires - High Country huts & tracks

There may still be restrictions on some bushwalking areas after the fires. Parks Victoria have a listing of track closures and access restrictions on their web site http://www.parkweb.vic.gov.au

Given the extent of the fires, relatively few huts were lost. However there were many close calls with fires coming to within metres of many huts. If you are planning to visit any of the huts it will be worth confirming that they are still standing. As well as the Parks Vic web site, information is also available from the Victorian High Country Huts Association and the Bogong Club. These sites contain an extensive listing of the status for the huts.

 

Scroggin Blocks

A compact, high-energy snack which is great to take bushwalking.

Complexity: Quick and Easy

Ingredients:

250g dried fruit (raisins, sultanas, currants, glace ginger, dried apricots, apples, apricots, etc)

Brandy

250g Chocolate

100g chopped nuts

1 tablespoon butter

2 tablespoons honey

5 finely chopped wheatmeal biscuits

rolled oats

Method:

Soak fruit in brandy for 1 week. Melt chocolate with butter and honey. Add soaked fruit, nuts, biscuit pieces and enough rolled oats to bind the mixture. Press into a greased lamington tray. Refrigerate and cut into squares.

 

Snake Bites

by Chris Thompson and John Loadsman from the following website www.usyd.edu.au

In Australia there are about 3,000 snake bites per year, of which 200 to 500 receive antivenom; on average one or two will prove fatal. About half the deaths are due to bites from the brown snake; the rest mostly from tiger snake, taipan and death adder. Some deaths are sudden, however in fact it is uncommon to die within four hours of a snake bite.

Common or Eastern Brown Snake

Pseudonaja textilis

The Brown Snake may be found all over Australia. It has extremely potent venom, and although the quantity of venom injected is usually small, this snake causes more snakebite deaths in Australia than any other. Sudden and relatively early deaths have been recorded. It's venom causes severe coagulation disturbances, neurotoxicity, and occasionally nephrotoxicity (by a direct action of the venom), but not rhabdomyolysis. The Gwardir is also known as the western brown snake, and the Dugite is a spotted brown snake found in Western Australia. All need brown snake antivenom.

Tiger Snake

Notechis scutatus

The tiger snake lives in the temperate southern areas of Australia. The characteristic stripes are not seen all year round, and there is a totally black variant found around the Flinders Ranges area of South Australia. As well as neurotoxicity and coagulopathy, rhabdomyolysis (due to Notexin in the venom) is very likely if treatment is delayed. Untreated mortality is about 45%.

Signs and Symptoms

The bite site is usually painless. It may have classical paired fang marks, but this is not the most common picture. Often there are just a few lacerations or scratches, and sometimes these may be painless or go unnoticed. Bruising, bleeding, and local swelling may be present, but significant local tissue destruction is uncommon in Australia.

Regional lymphadenopathy may be marked, even with non-venomous snake bites, and is not by itself an indication for the administration of antivenom. It may contribute to abdominal pain in children.

The usual sequence of systemic symptom development goes something like this:

(<1hr) Headache (an important symptom), irritability, photophobia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, confusion; coagulation abnormalities; occasionally sudden hypotension with loss of consciousness.

(1-3 hrs) Cranial nerve paralysis (ptosis, diplopia, dysphagia etc), abdominal pain, haemoglobinuria, hypertension, tachycardia, haemmorrhage.

(>3hrs) Limb and respiratory muscle paralysis leading to respiratory failure, peripheral circulatory failure with pallor and cyanosis, myoglobinuria, eventually death.

This sequence of events is highly variable. Brown snake bites, even apparently trivial ones, have been associated with acute deterioration over a five minute period leading to death. This may occur as soon as 30 minutes to an hour after the original bite. Acute, severe cardiac depression may be the mechanism for sudden death.

Paralysis, when it occurs, usually commences with cranial nerves, then skeletal muscle, then the muscles of respiration. In small children or with highly venomous snake bites it may happen much more quickly.

Major bleeding disturbances are, as mentioned before, rare with Australian snakes, although the development of coagulopathies and a DIC-like picture are relatively common. Thromboctopaenia and haemolysis may occur. Watch for haematuria, haemoptysis, haematemesis, low bowel haemmorrhage, menorrhagia or haemoglobinuria, and remember that about 20% of patients who die after snake bite have cerebral haemmorrhages.

Muscle destruction from myolytic toxins is not uncommon and may not be associated with muscle tenderness; it may lead to renal failure and should be specifically looked for, because early treatment with antivenom will reduce its severity.

Snake bite should always be considered in any case of unexpected confusion or loss of consciousness following outdoor activities in snake country. In Australia, snake venoms alone cause coagulopathy, so if present you can rule out other forms of envenomation.

Prognosis depends on the type of snake and the quantity of venom injected. An angry snake and multiple bites is associated with greater venom volumes. Ian Westbrook describes, in this moving story, how an apparently trivial bite from a tiger snake caused the death of one of his dogs.

First Aid for Snake Bites:

Do NOT wash the area of the bite!

It is extremely important to retain traces of venom for use with venom identification kits!

Stop lymphatic spread - bandage firmly, splint and immobilise!

The "pressure-immobilisation" technique is currently recommended by the Australian Resuscitation Council, the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons and the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists.

The lymphatic system is responsible for systemic spread of most venoms. This can be reduced by the application of a firm bandage (as firm as you would put on a sprained ankle) over a folded pad placed over the bitten area. While firm, it should not be so tight that it stops blood flow to the limb or to congests the veins. Start bandaging directly over the bitten area, ensuing that the pressure over the bite is firm and even. If you have enough bandage you can extend towards more central parts of the body, to delay spread of any venom that has already started to move centrally. A pressure dressing should be applied even if the bite is on the victims trunk or torso.

Immobility is best attained by application of a splint or sling, using a bandage or whatever to hand to absolutely minimise all limb movement, reassurance and immobilisation (eg, putting the patient on a stretcher). Where possible, bring transportation to the patient (rather then vice versa). Don't allow the victim to walk or move a limb. Walking should be prevented.

The pressure-immobilisation approach is simple, safe and will not cause iatrogenic tissue damage (ie, from incision, injection, freezing or arterial torniquets - all of which are ineffective).

See the AVRU site for more details of bandaging techniques.

Bites to the head, neck, and back are a special problem - firm pressure should be applied locally if possible.

Removal of the bandage will be associated with rapid systemic spread. Hence ALWAYS wait until the patient is in a fully-equipped medical treatment area before bandage removal is attempted.

Do NOT cut or excise the area or apply an arterial torniquet! Both these measures are ineffective and may make the situation worse.

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Envenomation: Tick Bite
Revised & Updated Australian Resuscitation Council Policy Statement: 8.9.5. July 2001

The Australian Paralysis Tick, i.e. Ixodes holocyclus (also called "hard or scrub tick") and related species cause envenomation and possibly paralysis in humans and allergic reactions. However, other species (e.g. the "soft" tick Argasidae) may produce endemic relapsing fever and serious toxic or allergic affects. Ticks may attach anywhere on the body, but hairy areas, skin clefts and crevices should be examined carefully. Whereas the soft tick usually attaches to the host only briefly for feeding, the hard tick may remain attached to the host for several days, and thus need to be removed. The Australian Paralysis Tick inhabits the Australian east coast.

Recognition
Symptoms and Signs may include
• local irritation is the most common sign
• lethargy
• muscle weakness, especially in children
• unsteady gait
• double vision
• difficulty swallowing or breathing
Note: Symptoms and signs generally develop over several days but allergic symptoms can occur within hours. Severe allergic reactions rarely occur.

Management
• Always check the whole body of a suspected casualty including the ears, skin creases and hair for ticks.
• Hard ticks usually do not complete their attachment and begin feeding until they have been on a host for 3 to 5 hours. Early detection and removal may therefore prevent illness/paralysis, however, once attachment has occurred, prompt and careful removal of the tick is essential. The following is the simplest and best method.
• Use fine curved forceps, or equivalent. Press the points down onto the skin on either side of the front part of the tick (the hypostome and mouth parts) then close the points and lift or lever the tick out intact. The tick should be removed slowly allowing it to withdraw its mouth parts.
• Do not grasp the tick's body with fingers or forceps as this may result in incomplete removal as well as expression of toxin.
• There is no need to excise (cut) the tick.
• After removal of a tick, the casualty should apply an antiseptic and be advised to consult their doctor, to check that no further treatment is required.
• If the casualty has a rash, persistent headache, fever, aching joints or a history of allergy: Seek medical advice immediately.
Note: Antivenom is available for Australian Paralysis Tick envenomation

References:
Needham GR, Evaluation of five popular methods for tick removal. Pediatrics 1985. 75: 997-1002
Stone BF, Binnington KC, Gauci m, Aylward JH. Tick-host interactions for Ixodes holocyclus: the role, effects, biosynthesis and nature of its toxic and allergenic secretions. Experimental and Applied Acarology; 1989 7: 59-69.
Stone BF, Pearn JH, and Thong YH. Human toxicoses due to the Australian paralysis tick Ixodes holocyclus, the Tasmanian paralysis tick I.cornuatus and Hirst's marsupial tick I.hirsti. Monograph for World Health Organisation.
Sutherland SK, Tibballs KJ, Australian Animals Toxins, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 2001.

A GOOD RECIPE AGAINST SANDFLIES AND MOZZIES

50% BABY OIL

50% DETTOL WITH A GOOD SLUG OF EUCALYPTUS OIL OR OIL OF CITRONELLA

Shake well in an old spray dispenser

The key thing is the baby oil as it stops sandflies urinating on the skin, which causes the problem. It really works! Found on the internet by Norma.

 

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