| Kenneth Zucker, "A Factual Correction to Bartlett, Vasey, and Bukowski's (2000) "Is Gender Identity Disorder in Children a Mental Disorder?"", Sex Roles, 46:7/8 April 2002 |
| | Bartlett et al. Clearly misread the data in my original table. They omitted the percentage of children who expressed the wish to be of the other sex "frequently/everyday". They also erred by not adding the two categories of "very rarely" (16.9%) and "once in a While" (35.8%), but instead described these categories as a range. |
| Christopher Daskalos, "Changes in the sexual orientation of six heterosexual male-to-female transsexuals", Archives of Sexual Behavior, 27:6 December 1998, p. 605(1) |
| | Researchers traditionally have assumed that sex reassignment procedures do not change sexual orientation. Of 20 transsexuals of various types that were interviewed 6 heterosexual transitioning from male to female. These respondents stated that before transitioning they had been sexually orientated towards females. After transitioning these same respondents reported that they were sexually oriented towards males. |
| Ray Blanchard, Leonard Clemmensen, Betty Steiner, "Heterosexual and Homosexual Gender Dysphoria", Archives of Sexual Behavior, 16:2 1987, p. 139 |
| | The results suggest that males are not differentially susceptible to gender dysphoria per se, but rather that they are differentially susceptible to one of the predisposing conditions, namely, fetishistic transvestism. |
| M Ames, Donald Burke, Lee Ellis, "Sexual Orientation as a Continuous Variable: A Comparison Between Sexes", Archives of Sexual Behavior, 16:6 1987, p. 523 |
| | When deviations from exclusive heterosexuality are present, they are likely to be much more extreme among males than among females. |
| Laura Roberto, "Issues in Diagnosis and Treatment of Transsexualism", Archives of Sexual Behavior, 12:5 1983, p. 445 |
| | It appears true that reversal of cross-gender identity has not been demonstrated in many cases of adult transsexualism although there have been exceptions. |
| Anke Ehrhardt, Heino Myer-Bahlburg, "Effects of Parental Sex Hormones on Gender-Related Behavior", Science, 20 March 1981 |
| | The term gender identity describes a specifically human phenomenon. Therefore, there are no experimental analogs in animal research. |
| L. Lothstein, "Psychodynamics and Sociodynamics of Gender Dysphoric States", American Journal of Psychotherapy, 33:2 April 1979 |
| | On clinical interview, gender dysphoric patients had striking character pathology. Further clinical investigations revealed profound narcissistic character pathology "accompanied by a number of significant ego defects including a potential for regression and psychotic decompensation" |
| | Because of the typical histories of family chaos culminating in impaired ego functioning, the patients often revealed precocious ego development in some spheres and retarded ego development in others, especially in judgement. |
| James Morgan, "Psychotherapy for Transsexual Candidates Screened out of Surgery", Archives of Sexual Behavior, 7:4 1978, p. 273 |
| | The transsexual phenomenon presents a fascinating field for study, one that, in spite of its sensational publicity over the past few decades, may prove a rich source of information for all branches of psychiatry and fields of medicine to better understand the human condition. |
| Ronald Langevin, Betty Steiner, "The Clinical Profile of Male Transsexuals Living as Females vs. Those Living as Males", Archives of Sexual Behavior, 6:2 1977, p. 143 |
| | It appears that Stoller's "uneasiness" over readily available surgery and poor assessment of transsexuals was substantiated in this study. The results support the findings of Hoenig et al. That transsexualism is associated with both emotional disturbance and antisocial tendencies. A subgroup of transsexuals mainly showed clear emotional disturbance and incongruities in their sexual behavior. Surgery for such patients would appear unwarranted. |
| Joseph Finney, "A Study of Transsexuals Seeking Gender Reassignment", Am J Psychiatry, 132:9 September 1975 |
| | The hysterical features (of transsexualism) which include a capacity for selective memory, may account for the typical history, in which the male transsexual patient denies any memory of considering himself anything but a female at any time in his life. |
| | Two rather extreme opinions have been expressed about transsexuals. 1) that they are psychiatrically very sick, delusional, psychotic, and self-destructive and 2) that they are psychologically normal people who have had the misfortune to be born with genitals of the wrong sex. The present study, based on computerized MMPI analysis, reached an intermediate conclusion. The majority of the 20 patients showed hysterical personality features and a minority showed paranoid or schizoid features or both. |
| Ivar Lovaas, George Rekers, "Behavioral Treatment of Deviant Sex-Role Behaviors in a Male Child", Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 7 1974, pp. 173-190 |
| | Young boys with feminine sex-typed behaviors have recently become the object of increased psychological interest, perhaps because of growing evidence that childhood cross-gender manifestations are indicative of later adult sexual abnormalities. |
| P Bentler, Spencer Thopson, "A Develpmental Study of Gender Constancy and Parent Preference", Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2:4 1973, p. 379 |
| | Children 4-6 years of age were asked which parent they would be when they were older, whether they could be the opposite-sexed parent, and whether they liked their mothers or fathers best. For comparison, a sample of adults were asked these same questions. All but one of the 144 children said they would be the same-sexed parent. Few children said they could switch and be the opposite sexed parent. These responses did not indicate a simple age trend. Younger children preferred the same-sexed parent, whereas older children and adults tended to prefer their mothers. |
| | Children are quite able to discriminate between those things which are meant for males and those things which are meant for females. |
| Robert Stoller, "Etiological Factors in Female Transsexualism: A First Approximation", Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2:1 1972 |
| | That these girls masculinity seems to originate in part from traumatic disruption of mothering suggests that the condition may be allied to some forms of female homosexuality. |
| Eli Coleman, Michael Ross, "Theories of Gender Transpostions: A critique and Suggestions for Further Research", Adversaria, , p. 525 |
| | Theories of gender transpositions are fundamentally flawed because they often fail to comprise biological, social, familial and cultural variables which influence the development of sexual behavior and identities in humans. |