Choosing &
Using Technologies in Education & Training
Broadcasting
Bates, A. W.
1995, Technology, Open Learning and
Distance Education, London: Routledge.
A book which provides an eminently
useable methodology for making competent and informed
decisions on choice and use of technologies in education.
Bates sets out criteria for decision-making based on an
analysis of common questions each institution must answer for
itself, to do with access, costs, teaching and learning,
interactivity and user-friendliness, organisational issues,
novelty, and speed.
Teachers and managers will find the
first chapter especially useful. In it, Bates proposes '12
golden rules for using technology in education and
training: good teaching matters; each medium has its own
aesthetic; educational technologies are flexible; there is no
super-technology; all major media types should be
available to teachers and learners; balance variety with
economy; interaction is essential; student numbers are
critical; new technologies are not necessarily better than
old ones; teachers need training to use technologies
effectively; teamwork is essential; and technology is not the
issue but how and what do we want students to learn is.
Subsequent chapters deal with the
educational, technical and cost issues involved in technology
selection and implementation of four major types of media:
print, television, audio (including telephone), and the
computer. He concludes with a thoughtful look at the future
of technology and its limitations in education and training.
Catchpole, Michael
1993, Interactive media: the bridge
between distance and classroom education, in Distance
Education Futures, ed. Ted Nunan, Papers from 11th
Biennial Forum of Australian & South Pacific External
Studies Association, July, Adelaide, pp. 37-55.
An engaging paper on the use of live,
interactive television which covers issues of design,
structure and support. The author is a Canadian teacher noted
for the telecourses he teaches over the Knowledge Network in
British Columbia and the article walks the reader through the
experience of designing and teaching a course.
Laurillard, Diana
1993, Rethinking University Teaching: a
Framework for the Effective Use of Educational Technology,
London, Routledge.
This book, written by a leading UK Open
University academic, has greatly influenced approaches to
staff development in Australian universities in recent years.
Laurillard sets out a framework to help teachers think about
the nature and processes of learning and how best to use and
combine new and established media in their teaching. Part 1
explores students' learning, and what it is that they need
from educational technology. Part 11 looks at individual
teaching methods and media, including non-interactive media
(lectures, print, audio), hypermedia (CD-Rom and the Web),
and interactive media (simulations, modelling programs). Part
111 examines design methodology, designing learning
activities, setting up the learning context, and maintaining
quality.
MacKinnon, Allan, Walshe, Bridget,
Cummings, Michael & Velonis, Ursula
1995, An inventory of pedagogical
considerations for interactive television, Journal
of Distance Education, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 75-94.
The presence of cable TV has enabled
British Columbian educators to use TV for teaching in
increasingly sophisticated ways over the last 20 years. This
article describes the use of multi-point interactive
television conferences using a fibre optics telephone
network; some were used as professional development for
teachers, others for bringing together school students in
scattered locations. The examples show much imagination and
ingenuity.
National Council for Educational
Technology,
1993, Direct Broadcasting by Satellite, National Council for Educational Technology, UK.
http://www.ncet.org.uk/projects/dbs/ Site accessed August
1997.
An evaluation by the Faculty of
Education, University of Leeds, of a large-scale program
called Satellites in Schools which involved direct
broadcasting by satellite to 226 secondary schools in Wales.
The report covers details of the equipment, its installation
and support, program development and scheduling, and a
formative evaluation of teaching/learning issues including
interest and motivation, providing up to date resources,
authenticity, learning effectiveness, learner independence,
etc. Several case studies follow the project in detail.
Oliver, Ron & Grant, Mike
1994, Distance Education Technologies: a
Review of Instructional Technologies for Distance Education
and Open Learning. Perth: InTech Research, Edith Cowan
University.
A highly practical and very useable
guide to the various instructional technologies that can be
used to support distance teaching and flexible learning. Four
groups of technology are outlined - telelearning (including
various forms of television and teleconferencing); computer
mediated communications; computer mediated instruction; and
print and other 'hard copy' materials. Each section briefly
describes the technology, its instructional applications and
learning opportunities, its relative strengths and weaknesses
as a delivery medium, the costs and equipment required to
support its use, and information on groups and organisations
able to provide services and assistance to providers of
education and training.
Tkal, Lucy (Series editor)
1997, Technology Survey Report (3rd
ed.), Open Training and Education Network, NSW TAFE.
A deservedly popular and eminently
useable introduction to the communications technologies
available for flexible learning, the Report is a handy
reference to keep at one's elbow. Technologies covered
include the range of teleconferencing, computer mediated
communications, computer managed learning, broadcasting, and
online technologies. Each section describes the technology,
its applications, equipment and service requirements, its
advantages and disadvantages, and cost factors.
Willis, Barry
Distance Education at a Glance.
http://www.uidaho.edu/evo/distglan.html.
Site accessed July 1997.
A set of 14 concise, well-presented
guides on distance learning, covering an overview, teaching
strategies, instructional development, evaluation,
instructional television, instructional audio, computers in
distance education, print in distance education, learning
strategies, distance education research, interactive
videoconferencing, the worldwide web, copyright, and a
glossary of terms. The guides can be downloaded free.
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